Eastern Orthodox Christianity And Roman Catholic Christianity Religion Essay

Eastern Orthodox Christianity And Roman Catholic Christianity Religion Essay Until 1054 AD Eastern Orthodoxy and Roman Catholicism were branches of the same body the One, Holy, Catholic and Apostolic Church. This date marks an important moment in the history of all Christian denominations. It designates the very first major division in Christianity and the beginning of denominations. Disagreement between these two branches of Christendom had long existed, but the gap between the Roman and Eastern churches increased throughout the first millennium. In 1054 AD, a formal split occurred when Pope Leo IX, leader of the Roman branch, excommunicated the Patriarch of Constantinople, Michael Cerularius. He was the leader of the Eastern branch. Michael Cerularius, in return, condemned the Pope in mutual excommunication. Two primary disputes at the time were Romes claim to a universal papal supremacy and the adding of the filioque to the Nicene Creed. To the present date, the Eastern and Western churches remain divided and separate. However, in 1965, Pope Paul VI and Patriarch Athenagoras agreed to formally remove the mutual excommunication of 1054. Religious Differences 3 The Difference between Eastern Orthodox Christianity and Roman Catholic Christianity The Pope The main difference between Eastern Orthodox and Roman Catholic Christianity has to do with the recognition of the Pope. Roman Catholics recognize the Pope as infallible. The Pope has supreme authority over all churches, and he can usurp the power of a lower ranking church leader, such as a priest, bishop, or cardinal (OConner, 1997). The Eastern Orthodox also has various bishops with one being the highest bishop, called the first among equals, but the Eastern Orthodox Church does not believe the highest ranking bishop, or archbishop, to be infallible, nor do they grant him with supreme authority over all churches (Collins Price, 1999). Purgatory Another main difference is in the teaching of Purgatory. According to Roman Catholic theology, those souls destined for heaven must endure a state of purification. They must be cleansed of sins committed on earth. The rest go to hell for eternal punishment. Also from a form of merits or extra grace accumulated by the virtue of Christ, the Virgin Mary, and the saints, indulgencies may be granted. The grace is applied to those in purgatory in order to shorten their time there (OConner, 1997). Eastern Orthodoxy teaches that after the soul leaves the body, it journeys to the abode of the dead (Hades). The soul will remain in this condition of waiting. Because some have a prevision of the glory to come and others a foretaste of their suffering, the state of waiting is called Particular Judgment. When Christ returns, the soul rejoins its risen body to be judged by Him, and the good and faithful servant will inherit life. The unfaithful will spend eternity in hell. Their sins and their unbelief will torture them as fire (Chadwick, 1995). Religious Differences 4 Doctrinal Development In reference to Doctrine, in order to justify new doctrine, Roman Catholicism developed the theory of Doctrinal Development. Roman Catholicism presents this theology as growing in stages to higher and more clearly defined levels of knowledge. It teaches the idea that Christ gave us an original deposit of faith, and a seed which grows and matures over the centuries. They believe that tradition is just as important as the Bible (OConner, 1997). Eastern Orthodoxy does not endorse the view that the teachings of Christ have changed from time to time. They believe that Christianity has remained unaltered from the moment that the Lord delivered the Faith to the Apostles (Mat.28:18-20). Eastern Orthodox of the twenty first century believes precisely what was believed in the first century. Nicene Creed A major disagreement between Eastern Orthodoxy and Roman Catholicism centers around the adding of the filioque to the Nicene Creed. This particular conflict is also known as the Filioque Controversy. In Latin, this word means and from the Son. It had been inserted into the Nicene Creed, changing the phrase pertaining to the origin of the Holy Spirit from who proceeds from the Father to who proceeds from the Father and the Son (Collins Price, 1997, p. 27). Roman Catholicism made this change on the authority of the Pope. Eastern Orthodoxy believed this spurned the Apostolic Tradition which always taught that God the Father is the single Source of the Son and the Spirit (Collins Price, 1997). Conclusion There are many other differences between Eastern Orthodoxy and Roman Catholicism. There are differences in how faith is taught, the essence of God, the work of Christ, the Holy Canons, the mysteries, the nature of man, and the Virgin Mary. One more would be the icons of Orthodox worship, and the statues of Catholic worship. It should also be noted that while there are many differences between Eastern Orthodoxy Religious Differences 5 and Roman Catholicism, there are also many similarities between Eastern Orthodoxy and Roman Catholicism that should be studied as well. Religious Differences 6

Adele: Rise of the Mummy (Movie Review)

Movie Review ADELE: RISE OF THE MUMMY Adele: Rise of the Mummy is a movie adaptation of the comic series of Jacques Tardi and directed by Luc Besson (â€Å"The Fifth Element†). The genre of this is more on adventure, action and comedy. It tackles about the adventures of the author Adele Blanc-Sec on her search for the mummy Patmosis, physician of the great pharaoh Ramses II of Egypt. With the help of Esperandieu, a physicist, and his concept of life after death, the plan is to resuscitate Patmosis to cure her paralyzed/almost dead sister.The story doesn’t only focuses on the concept of mummy but also to a pterodactyl which was hatched after 135 million years. It also narrates reality stuffs, the policeman, the commissioner, and those higher to them on how they use their influence, the scientists and their role in science relating to present issues. It is quite of lousy tactics when it comes to graphics. The pterodactyl seems to be not so realistic, though mummies were r eally nice.Also, the props used such as the breath analyzer which was used in the earlier part is catchy, the telephone and typewriter are of some antique kind. The emotions also have a spec and shifting of these emotions is suitable with regards to the scenes. For example, it goes sombre when Adele talks about her sister, and goes ra-ta-tat when Adele is in situation where she’s desperate. The humor that evolved throughout the film is of limited access to most of the audience since most of them are French â€Å"thing†.Such stuffs are mostly inside jokes about French politics, cuisine, and the museum itself. Some are clearer upon second viewing. The movie didn’t catch the bottom part of Filipino taste when it comes to comedy films. However, the film is quite educational and interesting in its own simple way, introducing the minor Egypt culture when it comes to mummifying bodies, stating most traditions like pharaohs usually bring with them their slaves and gold upon dying.The concept of life and death was also mentioned, relating it to some kind of scientific issues. The title itself is intriguing. True that the mummy rise from the grave, but what happens next is quite unexpected since it was drolly funny. Thumbs up for Besson for a job well done. I never imagined watching this one in such manner. And that is the twist that invites laughs of genuine amusement, not derision.

Why Everybody Is Talking About 11 plus Essay Samples

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Questions On The Conflict Resolution Process - 1757 Words

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Don t make assumptions about what you think you heard. When it comes to resolving conflict, listening can be more important than fixing. †¢ Encourage all points of view, acknowledge them and treat them with respect: Respect can mean treating ourselves and others with consideration, care and esteem. To show respect means to have regard for other peoples’ feelings and to treat them with dignity.it nurtures a culture of trust, honesty and happiness †¢ Identify and evaluate the impact of conflict on businessShow MoreRelatedReasons For The Customer Service Complaints1455 Words   |  6 Pagesactive listening: Cricket Equip’s staffs need to improve the required skills of active listening. 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